Abstract
Abstract
Objective:
To analyze the clinical characteristics of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related thyroid dysfunction (irTD) in patients with biliary and ampullary malignancies, explore its pathogenesis, diagnostic difficulties and treatment strategies, and thereby provide references for the early recognition, accurate diagnosis and standardized management of this disease.
Subjects and Methods:
This is a retrospective study that collected clinical data of patients with biliary and ampullary tumors who received immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy at Xuhui District Central Hospital in Shanghai from January 2024 to December 2025, aiming to identify potential influencing factors of irTD. In addition, by integrating the clinical data of two typical cases of irTD, the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment process, and prognosis of this disease were elaborated in detail.
Results:
A total of 15 patients with abnormal thyroid function were included in the study, and a case-control cohort was established at a 1:2 ratio. It was found that there were no significant differences in age, gender, tumor type, tumor surgical condition, tumor stage, drug type, diabetes, baseline free triiodothyronine, and baseline free thyroxine (P > 0.05).
In contrast, statistically significant differences were observed in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH, P = 0.009), anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb, P Conclusion:
The results of this study provide significant clinical implications for the management of irTD. In clinical practice, it is crucial to pay attention to TPOAb. For high-risk individuals, the frequency of monitoring thyroid function should be increased simultaneously, and early intervention should be carried out to avoid serious complications. During treatment, close monitoring of TPOAb changes provides a reliable reference for timely adjustment of treatment regimens, thereby improving the standardized management level of irTD in clinical practice.