Abstract
This study reviews research on earthquake-induced pounding in adjacent buildings with reinforced concrete frames and in buildings with steel frames. The review focuses on three main parameters: soil–structure interaction, base isolation systems, and the separation gap between neighbouring structures. Articles were collected from the Scopus database for the period 1998–2024 and selected using PRISMA guidelines. Because the included studies used different numerical models and test setups, their findings were combined through a narrative synthesis. In total, 42 articles met the selection criteria. About 14% of these studies considered soil–structure interaction, while almost all of them (about 93%) examined the influence of base isolation on pounding. The results show that isolation systems can reduce relative displacements, but pounding may still occur if the separation gap, building height, or isolation condition of neighbouring buildings are not properly designed. Only a few of the reviewed papers considered soil–structure interaction together with base-isolated buildings. Therefore, more detailed three-dimensional nonlinear studies on this topic are still needed.