Abstract
The integration of telemedicine into healthcare facilities has become increasingly essential, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, which revealed critical limitations in traditional hospital designs. This study investigates the use of generative design to optimize outpatient departments (OPDs) for seamless telemedicine incorporation. Through computational design tools such as Autodesk Revit and Dynamo, combined with advanced optimization methods like Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP), the research offers a flexible design framework that adapts to various telemedicine needs.The implementation focuses on generating multiple spatial solutions, enabling architects to quickly evaluate and compare alternatives based on telemedicine requirements. The system provides automated recommendations for incorporating either telemedicine kiosks or full telemedicine clinics, depending on the selected telemedicine intensity level. Based on the user’s input, the tool also estimates the number of required central rooms and calculates the additional cost of implementation. This allows architects to design hospital layouts that are inherently prepared for digital healthcare transformation—an aspect that is challenging, if not impractical, to address using traditional design methods. By offering an array of valid, context-aware layout options within seconds, the proposed intelligent system empowers architects with the ability to make informed decisions while maintaining design flexibility. The study highlights the potential of computational workflows to enhance patient flow, infection control, and space efficiency. In doing so, it supports the development of healthcare environments that are not only adaptable and resilient but also inclusive of emerging digital healthcare solutions, particularly in underserved areas.