Abstract
Abstract:
Osteoporosis is among the most common lifestyle diseases. Abnormal Ca2+ functioning is ones of the key factors of abnormal bone mineral density (BMD) despite its physiological background is still unknown. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is used to determine the 3D and cross sectional images, as well as the quality of craniofacial bone structures through the resolve of BMD, based on gray scales Hounsfield Units values of the obtained images.
Aim:
To examine early signs of the bone mineral density of the maxilla in asymptomatic young individuals and patients without any metabolic disorders by using CBCT.
Methods:
120 asymptomatic young individuals and patients (1st group – 22–28, and 2nd – 29-35 years old, male (n=45) and female (n=75)) were included in this study (approved by Bioethic committee of the LNMU No.3, dated March 16, 2015). For all individuals, 3D computer models using “Point 3D Combi 500” (PointNix, South Korea) based on СBCT were created to detect the linear changes in maxillary and mandibular BMD in similar segments on the left and the right sides. Regional variations within each image, as well as percentage (%) differences in bone density by CBCT attenuation parameters between similar segments and related symmetric regions for each patient were compared. 40 edentulous patients were excluded from the study. The data of 2,400 samples [80 (patients) × 10 (segments) × 3 (levels)] were processed, where the linear values analysis of the upper and lower jaw alveolar process, the thickness of bone tissue side (internal and external compact plates, and the spongy layer) of bone density (before and after orthodontic treatment).
Results:
The bone density around the “13-14” and “23-24” segments in both male and female groups aged 29-35 reduced by 22.3 ± 4.5% vs the group aged 22-28. The average similar data were found in 59.0% of cases. The difference in BMD of the “36-37” segment in over 30% of females aged 29-35 was established. The obtained results demonstrate that the direction of changes in linear values is associated with the maximum bone density reduction, and that CBCT is a useful approach for evaluating early bone density changes
Conclusions:
CBCT could be a helpful tool for evaluation of the early signs of bone mineral density and creation of physiologically based personalized medical strategy of osteoporosis prevention. The present analysis suggests that adentia may be a risk factor for early signs of bone mineral density in asymptomatic young individuals.