Abstract
Introduction. The article presents the results of an experimental study utilizing advanced digital histomorphometric methods to assess the regenerative activity of peri-implant bone tissue at the crestal, middle, and apical locations of the bone-implant interface (BII) following prolonged functional loading (1–1.5 years). The findings support the hypothesis that implant angulation modulates bone remodeling processes and regenerative potential, which has clinical significance for treatment planning aimed at long-term implant success and stable functioning of the stomatognathic system.
Materials and Methods. Histomorphometric assessment assumed that fluorescence intensity at specific wavelengths is directly proportional to the concentration of tetracycline dye incorporated into the mineral matrix of newly formed bone tissue. A background location was defined in each sample for comparison and normalization of fluorescence signal intensities.
Results. The cumulative regenerative activity index (RE) for angled implants was 252.02 ± 69.29%, significantly exceeding the RE index for para-axially placed implants (156.44 ± 46.25%; p < 0.033). These results indicate that the regenerative activity at the BII in cases of angled implant placement is approximately 1.6–1.7 times higher than that observed with para-axial placement. The findings confirm the research hypothesis and emphasize the importance of considering implant angulation during treatment planning.
Conclusions. Histomorphometric evaluation confirms that angled implant placement induces a significantly different regenerative response of peri-implant bone tissue compared to para-axial placement after long-term functional loading. Regenerative activity at the apical and middle BII locations in angled implants was 2.2 and 1.11 times higher than in para-axially placed implants. At the same time, only minor differences were observed at the crestal location. The overall RE index for angled implants ranged from 312.96% to 374.78%, averaging 1.6 times higher than the RE index for para-axially placed implants (156.44%). The observed variability in the RE index highlights the need for clinical and instrumental monitoring of spatial osseointegration based on different implant positions.