Abstract
Glomerulonephritis is one of the main renal involvements in the pediatric age group, usually secondary to infection with group A beta hemolytic streptococcus. However, although rare, ANCA-related vasculitis can also be a cause of glomerulonephritis. The aim of this report is to describe a case of glomerulonephritis secondary to ANCA-related vasculitis, given its low incidence in childhood and the rapid evolution to chronic nephropathy in this case. L.E.F, 8 years old, female, mixed race, sought care due to macroscopic hematuria, anasarca, headache and arthralgia. On admission, he presented a hypertensive crisis, and in laboratory tests, a significant increase in urea and creatinine; Positive P-ANCA and anti-MPO. Hemodialysis, antihypertensives and pulse were started with Methylprednisolone (30mg/kg/day), followed by prednisolone at a dose of 2mg/kg/day. In addition, renal biopsy showed glomerular sclerosis and negative immunofluorescence. Diagnosis of Restricted Kidney Vasculitis was performed. She evolved stable, but with no improvement in her kidney function, requiring her to remain on hemodialysis and being referred to a kidney transplant outpatient clinic. Related ANCA vasculitis are divided into Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, Microscopic Polyangiitis, and Restricted Kidney Vasculitis. They are rare in the pediatric age group, but it is important to know about them, both in relation to their involvement of the upper and lower airways, as well as their renal involvement, so that the diagnosis can be made earlier, making the treatment and prognosis favorable.