Abstract
In the context of the rapid development of virtual and augmented reality technologies and their increasing application across various sectors-such as education, healthcare, finance, and entertainment—the issue of user identification in virtual environments is becoming increasingly relevant. Effective identification mechanisms in virtual reality (VR) systems are essential for ensuring cybersecurity, protecting personal data, and establishing trustworthy digital interactions. However, despite the technological progress, the current identification solutions in VR remain constrained by a number of challenges, including the lack of unified standards, technological fragmentation, and regulatory gaps. The aim of this article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the functional features of subject identification in virtual reality systems, with a particular focus on the comparative examination of Kazakhstan's and international experiences. Special attention is paid to the legal and technical foundations of identification methods, as well as the barriers that hinder their broader implementation. The methodology is based on a comparative analysis of national and international regulatory frameworks, statistical data, and best practices in the implementation of VR identification systems. Specifically, the current state of regulatory and technological readiness in Kazakhstan is compared to leading countries such as the United States, European Union member states, and South Korea. The practical significance of this research lies in identifying the key issues in VR identification and offering concrete recommendations aimed at improving Kazakhstan’s legal framework and enhancing the security of digital identity within VR systems.
Keywords: virtual reality, identification, Kazakhstan, security, biometrics, digital identity, regulation.