Abstract
One health approach, a strategy of sustainably balancing and optimizing human, animal, and ecosystem health, provides a serious platform for tackling sustainability issues in agriculture. This one health model attempts to reduce zoonotic diseases, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and environmental degradation by increasing food security through ecosystem services, which are the benefits of natural processes (provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural services). To analyse synergies between One Health and ecosystem services in agrifood systems, this commentary will rely on post-2015 literature, particularly peer-reviewed studies, and reports published by international organisations, e.g., FAO, WHO, and IPBES. Observational data from sub-Saharan Africa show that the prevalence of AMR is high, with multidrug-resistant bacteria found in 62.9-87.4 percent of farming sources in Ethiopia, demonstrating the importance of combined efforts. However, a methodological limitation, including the lack of longitudinal information, hampered rigorous evaluation. Policy recommendations include multisectoral programs of action to enhance resilience, and prevention efforts may have a higher benefit-cost ratio. Agroecological surveillance and innovation may complement the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2, 3, and 15, with inconsistent evidence on their potential to scale in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but more research is needed in longitudinal studies.