Abstract
Fundamentalism is the religious Protestant movement that developed upon the spreading of the “millennium” belief, which belongs to the Christian theo-logy, in the USA towards the end of 19th century. Nowadays the word “funda-mentalism” is used, sometimes explicitly and sometimes implicitly, to refer to Islam as an equivalent of intolerance, pro-violence and fanaticism. This propa-ganda is so great that recognition of Islam by a Muslim raises the risk for him to be qualified as fundamentalist. In this essay, we will interrogate whether it is possible or not to establish a relation between fundamentalism, which is a wes-tern phenomenon, and Islam by examining historical and cultural background of the both.