Abstract
Downy goat breeding in Russia is represented by small-numbered breeds with a limited range, and in the current conditions they are on the verge of extinction, especially the population of the Orenburg goat breed is in critical condition. Current scientific research of Orenburg goats continues to the present time, which indicates the presence of scientific and practical interest in this breed. This review presents the current global and domestic state of goat breeding. Special attention is paid to the problems and development of down goat breeding in the Russian Federation, as one of the commodity branches of agricultural production. Information about the unique native Orenburg breed of downy goats is presented. The history of the creation and breeding of the breed, the main directions of productivity and the external indicators of animals are considered. The inbreeding characteristics of Orenburg goats are given, down quality indicators are considered, and the results of genotyping the modern gene pool of the Orenburg goat population are presented. Attention is paid to the technology of combing the down of Orenburg goats. The article presents studies on the elemental, amino acid composition of the wool and down of Orenburg goats over the past five years. At the same time, when preparing the review, there is a lack of research in the field of the influence of normalized diets of Orenburg goats on scar and intestinal digestion, physiological status, intensity of growth and development of young animals. This work presents a summary of the latest economic, scientific, research and practical knowledge about the current state, problems and trends in the preservation of the Russian downy Orenburg goat breed, as one of the exceptional gene pool populations preserved in Russia.