Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the biological characteristics and compare two accessions of different origins of the rare endemic species Allium grande Lipsky under cultivated conditions. The research was carried out in 2011–2024 in the northern forest-steppe zone (Bashkir Cis-Urals). The study revealed that accessions grown from seeds of different origins (Dagestan Republic and Estonia), but growing under identical conditions, differ phenotypically, in seed productivity, and in phenological phase dates. The Dagestan accession exhibits higher performance than the Estonian accession in all parameters, including morphometric parameters and seed productivity. Phenological observations revealed an earlier maturation date for the Dagestan accession. According to the coefficient of variation scale, most traits exhibit normal variability (CV = 6.1–24.4 %). Factor analysis showed that air temperature has the greatest impact on phenological phases, a key factor for the growth and development of individuals. A. grande accessions demonstrated good frost resistance under our conditions, and no damage from pests or diseases was detected. Biochemical analysis revealed high levels of biologically active substances (such as ascorbic acid – 140.45–165.3 mg%, carotene – 4.89–7.38 mg/100 g, etc.) in the leaves of A. grande specimens during spring regrowth. The rarity of A. grande is likely due to its long period of pregenerative development. Cultivation of this rare endemic species in a botanical garden is important for preserving the gene pool and can be considered as an effective method of preserving it outside its natural habitat.