Abstract
Background: Singing-related gender incongruence can be a significant source of distress for transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals, yet general measures of gender dysphoria and speaking-voice instruments do not capture this domain. The Singing Incongruence and Gender (SInG) Scale was developed to address this gap, but its four-factor structure had not been confirmed in independent data.Methods: Participants were an entirely new sample of 232 TGD individuals (141 nonbinary, 48 transgender men, 43 transgender women), with 883 cisgender respondents retained as a comparison group for known-groups validity and measurement invariance. Confirmatory factor analysis used robust weighted least squares on a polychoric correlation matrix. I also examined reliability, construct validity, a 12-item short form, and how the scale should be scored.Results: The four-factor structure was confirmed, with all standardized loadings between .618 and .925 and better fit than a unidimensional alternative (comparative fit index .841 versus .618). Approximate fit fell below conventional thresholds, reflecting both a low ratio of cases to the 126 estimated parameters and some redundancy of item wording; a 12-item form fit better (.930), retained reliability and validity, and performed similarly in split-half cross-validation regardless of which near-equivalent items were retained. SInG scores predicted singing-voice discrepancy beyond age, identity subgroup, and general gender dysphoria (ΔR² = .192), and TGD respondents scored higher than cisgender respondents (d = 0.59; Misgendering d = 1.12).Conclusions: The SInG Scale captures singing-related gender incongruence beyond what a general dysphoria measure explains, and is available in a brief 12-item form suited to clinical intake and choir screening. Because the subscales bear different relations to criterion outcomes, they should be reported alongside the total score.