Abstract
The study aimed to identify key factors and mechanisms for the improvement of soil and agroecosystem resilience by using agroforestry technologies in a changing climate. The impact of forest shelterbelts, crop mixing technologies and spatial planning techniques on restoring degraded lands and improving ecosystem functions was addressed. The research methodology was based on the synthesis and analysis of data from various scientific sources, and the use of theoretical models and field observations. Regions of Ethiopia, Kenya and Malawi were addressed in the analysis of the effects of multi-level forest belts and mixed crops on reducing erosion, improving soil structure and restoring biodiversity. The results of the study demonstrated that agroforestry interventions in these countries significantly reduced the intensity of water and wind erosion, improved soil water-holding capacity and restored the hydrological cycle. Forest belts increased moisture storage in arid regions of Ethiopia, improved crop yields by creating a favourable microclimate in Kenya, and protected rangeland ecosystems from degradation in Malawi. These interventions also increased soil organic carbon content, reducing the need for mineral fertilizers and minimizing anthropogenic impacts on the environment. The findings confirm the versatility of agroforestry approaches for land restoration and adaptation to climate change. The results demonstrated the importance of integrating agroforestry technologies into sustainable natural resource management systems, which emphasizes the need for scaling up in regions prone to land degradation, including the Kyrgyz Republic