Abstract
The need to improve soil cultivation technologies necessitates the introduction of electromechanical control systems that ensure energy efficiency, parameter stability, and increased effectiveness of mechanised agricultural processes. The purpose of this study was to design an intelligent control system capable of dynamically adapting operational modes based on sensor data and the principle of feedback. The research methodology included multi-level computer modelling in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, the development of a physical prototype using the STM32F407VG microcontroller, and experimental testing in laboratory and field conditions across plots with varying soil types. The system comprised modules for sensor monitoring of moisture, density, and load, a signal processing unit, a proportional-integral controller, and electric drives responsible for regulating tillage depth and force. The trials demonstrated the high stability of the system under variable agrophysical parameters, with a response time to external changes ranging from 1.8 to 2.3 seconds, and an average deviation in depth not exceeding five millimetres. The experimental results indicated a reduction in average energy consumption by 12-18% compared with conventional non-automated systems, and an increase in efficiency up to 87% on loamy soils. According to a multi-criteria performance analysis conducted using the Analytic Hierarchy Process, the electromechanical system achieved an integrated efficiency index of 4.37, significantly exceeding that of the hydraulic system, which scored 3.55. The practical implementation of the control system confirmed its technical suitability for mass integration into modern agricultural tillage machinery. The proposed technical solution improved the quality of soil cultivation, reduces energy consumption, minimises the need for operator intervention, and supports the sustainable development of the agro-industrial sector. The results of this study can be directly applied by agricultural enterprises in equipping soil tillage units with advanced electromechanical control systems, aimed at increasing precision, reducing fuel consumption, and improving machine productivity during field operations