Abstract
The article examines the impact of the tsarist government's anti-alcohol campaign on the everyday life of Kyiv residents in 1914-1917. The author highlights some positive effects of the fight against drunkenness in the first months of the war, related to a decrease in crime and the number of suicides. The phenomena that testified to the opposite effect of the ban on the sale of alcohol, namely, an increase in the volume of secret production and sale of vodka, the preparation and consumption of surrogate drinks dangerous to health, and abuses in the pharmacy sector, are considered.