Abstract
This publication is the first in a three-part series designed as a resource for turfgrass professionals, Extension specialists, and clientele, offering a practical overview of foundational concepts and identifying key factors that contribute to incidents of herbicide underperformance across warm-season turfgrass systems. While examples and management considerations are drawn primarily from Florida turfgrasses, the principles discussed are broadly applicable to other warm-season turf regions. This installment focuses specifically on how plant biology and related factors influence herbicide efficacy and safety. Written by Pawel Petelewicz, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agronomy, July 2026.