Large Language Models for Marine Protected Area Design and Management Planning

Achieving biodiversity targets requires advances in marine conservation planning and action. We make three arguments about large language models (LLMs): they add more value when embedded within decision-support systems; they integrate fragmented expertise, data, and tools; they can increase capacity in under-resourced settings through co-design. We illustrate these arguments with a conceptual LLM-enabled marine protected area design and management framework, and address concerns about data, governance, and knowledge equity.