Abstract
This study aims to develop a teaching and learning module based on the Flipped Classroom approach integrated with Virtual Reality Semi Immersive (VRSM) technology to enhance the effectiveness of teaching Thirukkural among Year 4 pupils in Tamil National Type Primary Schools (SJKT). The study addresses challenges related to students’ low motivation and limited understanding of the moral and philosophical aspects of Thirukkural, particularly when conventional teacher centered pedagogies remain dominant. The module was designed using the ADDIE instructional model and validated through the Fuzzy Delphi method. A quasi-experimental design was employed with two groups, an experimental group (using the VR Flipped Classroom module) and a control group (using traditional methods). The sample consisted of 60 Year 4 pupils from four SJKT in the Kinta Utara Zone, Perak. Quantitative data were collected through pre and post-tests and a learning motivation questionnaire, analyzed using paired t-tests and ANCOVA. Findings revealed a significant improvement in both achievement and motivation among the experimental group compared to the control group (p < .05). The study concludes that VR-based flipped learning enhances interactivity, comprehension, and value appreciation in Thirukkural learning within the 21st-century pedagogical context.