Abstract
The objective of this article is to propose an interdisciplinary interpretive matrix that articulates philosophy of mathematics, cognitive psychiatry, and recent neuroscientific discoveries (2021-2026) on embodied numerical cognition, in order to bridge the gap between the formal validity of mathematics and its cognitive constitution. The philosophy of mathematics traditionally focuses on the justification of arithmetic truths and the ontological status of mathematical objects, often neglecting the fundamental question of how concrete plurality transforms into numerical concepts in the human mind. This integrative review articulates classical and contemporary literature (2021-2026) on numerical cognition, integrating perspectives from cognitive psychiatry, philosophy of mathematics, and neuroscience. We argue that logic and mathematics formalize structures already constituted by corporeal, temporal, perceptual, motor, communicative, and reflective processes. Drawing on recent evidence regarding embodied cognition, finger gnosis, and the development of counting, we propose a sequential interpretive matrix: biological discrimination, iterative praxia, reflexivity, communication, conceptualization, and logical formalization. This interdisciplinary clinical hypothesis aims to bridge the gap between the formal validity of mathematics and its cognitive constitution, with implications for understanding numerical processing disorders such as acalculia and Gerstmann syndrome.