Abstract
Introduction
India's water dynamics are characterized by intricate challenges arising from rapid population growth, institutional deficiencies, and environmental degradation. These factors lead to significant disparities in Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH), further entrenching social inequalities and obstructing sustainable development. The study emphasizes that securing fundamental water needs is critical for enabling broader community empowerment, governance innovation, and technological interventions, which are essential components for achieving a resilient and sustainable WASH system.
Methods
To address WASH challenges holistically, this study adopts Maslow's Theory of Human Motivation and a theoretical conceptual policy review, recognizing access to safe water as a primary physiological need essential for societal advancement. These theoretical perspectives help unravel how unmet basic needs impede higher-level social, economic, and environmental progress. Maslow's model offers a compelling way to analyze and enhance Indian government programmes related to water and sanitation by linking people's motivations with water governance.
Results
The study creates a comprehensive and people-centred policy framework. This research identifies comprehensive pathways that stakeholders can leverage to address India's evolving water and sanitation concerns while promoting sustainable development.
Discussion
This study discusses how Maslow's model provides a powerful lens to interpret why multifaceted solutions like community engagement and institutional reform are essential for building resilience and ensuring equitable water access and addressing water disparities in the country.