The Thyroid Ima Artery Associated with Unilateral Absence of the Inferior Thyroid Artery: A South African Cadaveric Case Report

The thyroid ima artery (TIA) is an uncommon arterial variation, with reported prevalence varying substantially among anatomical studies, which primarily supplies the isthmus and inferior portion of the thyroid gland. Its variable origin and midline location in the neck make it susceptible to injury during surgical procedures like tracheostomies. During a routine cadaveric dissection, a TIA was observed in an 83-year-old white South African male, associated with an absent left inferior thyroid artery. The artery originated from the brachiocephalic trunk, measured 5.93 mm in diameter at its origin, was 18.43 mm in length, and bifurcated into two terminal branches. This case contributes to the limited anatomical literature describing the TIA in African populations and reinforces the importance of recognising this variation during anterior neck surgery. A thorough knowledge of its prevalence, location, and course can help clinicians prevent surgical complications and haemorrhage during anterior neck procedures.