Abstract
Over the years the Niger Delta (ND) region of Nigeria has been known for environmental pollution. This pollution has been attributed to the activities of Multi-National Oil Companies (MNOCs) operating in the region, the activities of these organisations cause contamination of the soil surface and ground water, atmospheric air (gas flaring), increased deforestation as well as the economic loss. The inability of the government to curb these problems have led to conflict between communities in ND and many of MNOCs. This paper discussed the environmental pollution from the activities of MNOCs and the challenges of development in the region. The study relied extensively on secondary data from different sources. The paper concluded that environmental pollution is central to the Niger Delta problems, as it has hampered rural economic activities and posed threat to sustainable development. The study recommended that the relevant federal laws relating to exploration of oil and gas in the Niger Delta should be strengthened to ensure that oil companies operating in the Niger Delta obey laws and comply with international best practice.