Assessment of the Effect of Drought on Cattle Keeping Households in Migori County

Cattle keeping plays a crucial role in ensuring food security and fulfilling socio-cultural functions in both developed and developing regions. However, most cattle in these regions are often raised under extensive production systems, making them highly vulnerable to harsh environmental conditions. Among the most pressing challenges facing cattle production in sub-tropical regions is drought, which leads to severe water scarcity and depletion of grazing resources, resulting in reduced cattle productivity, increased susceptibility to diseases, and, in extreme cases, high mortality rates. This study assessed the effects of drought on cattle-keeping households in Migori County. In semi-arid areas of Migori County, cattle keeping plays vital economic and socio-cultural roles but is increasingly affected by drought-related challenges such as water scarcity, pasture depletion, and livestock diseases. The study was conducted in Nyatike and Kuria West sub-counties of Migori County, selected for their diverse agro-ecological zones affecting livestock farming. Data were collected through structured household questionnaires, key informant interviews, and direct observation, with a stratified sample of 383 households proportionately drawn from four wards. The abstract claims Masaba was affected by diseases, but Table 2 shows Masaba had only 19% disease reports compared to Muhuru’s 54%. Cattle mortality stood at 37%, and nearly 90% of households reported some degree of cattle emaciation, indicating widespread nutritional stress. Masaba and Kanyarwanda Wards experienced the most severe declines in production and cattle prices, while Muhuru, despite high disease and emaciation rates, reported more stable cattle prices, suggesting stronger market structures or fewer distress sales. This study highlights the significant impact of drought on cattle health, production, and market dynamics across Migori County. To mitigate these impacts, the study recommends strengthening veterinary services, enhancing market resilience, and integrating drought preparedness into livestock management and policy frameworks to protect livelihoods and improve resilience in the livestock sector.