The Critical Role and Application of Microbes towards Sustainable Development and Human Wellbeing

Microorganisms (also called microbes) make up a large portion (1 trillion (1012) species or 60%) of the Earth’s living as they are abundant and diversified in nature. Though they are vital for ecosystems and human welfare, their roles are often ignored or underrated. While most studies are underway in the global north to figure out how to utilise microbes in agriculture, industries, medical, space mission, and many other sectors, this kind of research is limited in the global south, particularly in Sub–Saharan Africa. Also, there has been scarce knowledge regarding the importance of microorganisms. The present paper aims to highlight and discuss current knowledge on the roles and/ or applications of microorganisms and their contribution toward sustainable development and human welfare in the global south. It also aims to help the scientists and/ or researchers in sub–Saharan Africa comprehends the use of microbial communities. We reviewed 84 published original research and review articles to explore microbial roles and their applications. We establish that many microbes play critical roles, which include but are not limited to ecological, pharmaceuticals, food source, biofuel or energy production, drugs or medicine development, nitrogen and carbon fixation, biocontrol agents, bioremediation, decomposition of organic matters, and soil formation. Since microbes potentially ensure the functioning of the Earth’s ecosystem and support human welfare, research on this subject should be prioritised in the global south to improve human development and well-being.