The Effect of Liquidity, Credit Risk, and Operational Efficiency on Financial Performance in Conventional Private Commercial Banks Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (2020–2024)

This study aims to determine the effect of the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Non-Performing Loans (NPL), and Operating Costs to Operating Income (BOPO) on Financial Performance in Conventional Private Commercial Banks Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2024 period. This study uses secondary data obtained from annual financial reports. The population in this study comprises Conventional Private Commercial Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2024. The total sample used consists of 21 banks selected based on the criteria of the purposive sampling method. The analysis method applied in this study is panel data regression analysis using EViews-14 software. Based on the results of the F-test, the Loan to Deposit Ratio, Non-Performing Loans, and Operating Costs to Operating Income simultaneously affect Financial Performance proxied by Return on Assets. The t-test results indicate that the Loan to Deposit Ratio partially has a positive effect on Financial Performance. Meanwhile, Non-Performing Loans partially have no effect on Financial Performance, and Operating Costs to Operating Income have a negative effect on Financial Performance.