Abstract
This chapter examines how the AI renaissance is reconfiguring fundamental anthropological conditions of human existence and how Simone Weil's ethics of attention, obligation, and rootedness can provide a normative framework for understanding these transformations. Methodologically, the analysis combines conceptual reconstruction, philosophical-hermeneutic updating, and critically reflected conceptual engineering to translate Weil's categories into contemporary AI contexts. The analysis identifies three interconnected transformations: AI-mediated environments can reshape the conditions for sustained attention; distributed human-machine agency can create responsibility and obligation gaps; and digital infrastructures can weaken the conditions for social, economic, and political rootedness. The chapter develops a Weilian governance framework that deepens human-centered AI by identifying the anthropological conditions that underlie rights, human oversight, accountability, and participation.