Abstract
This chapter examines the transformative role of artificial intelligence and data-driven human resource practices in universities, focusing on their impact on talent management, faculty development, and institutional performance. It highlights how digital HR systems enable evidence-based decision-making, predictive analytics, and personalized development strategies that enhance academic workforce effectiveness. The chapter integrates theoretical perspectives, including digital HRM, talent management theory, and strategic human capital, to present a comprehensive conceptual framework. Empirical findings demonstrate that AI-driven HR practices positively influence faculty performance and institutional outcomes through mediating factors such as digital capability and decision quality. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the importance of aligning technological innovation with ethical considerations to ensure sustainable and responsible adoption in higher education.