Abstract
Optimal usage of omnipresent biowaste materials is vital for truly accomplishing global sustainable development goals. In this regard, naturally abundant, nutrient-rich lotus seeds (Nelumbo nucifera) biomass holds high potential as a suitable alternative source of energy. This research systematically investigates the high temperature thermochemical, morphological and spectral changes which occur in lotus seeds (LS) biomass. This study also successfully correlates the thermogravimetric changes in LS biomass with its compositional changes, highlighting the overall mechanism of this thermal process. Furthermore, a detailed theoretical analysis of the thermal data was also carried out using various models to obtain all of the involved kinetic parameters. Results showed that LS biomass thermal degradation followed a first-order reaction kinetics mechanism with significantly low activation energy requirements (~ 2-8 kJ.mol-1) for different reaction phases. These results provide critical information for optimizing the energy production on an industrial scale. High volatile content (~76%) and lower pyrolysis temperature requirement (< 400o C) for inducing significant structural changes in this biomass also enhances its potential as a bioenergy alternative. Ultimately, this research work underscores the potential of lotus seed biomass to contribute to sustainable energy solutions and mitigate environmental pollution, aligning with global efforts toward renewable energy practices.