Abstract
This paper examines neurocommunication as an interdisciplinary framework for the study of history, with a particular focus on the Spanish case. Building on the methodological renewal of contemporary historiography, it proposes integrating contributions from neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and communication sciences to analyze how historical narratives not only inform us about the past but also activate cognitive and emotional processes related to collective memory, social identity, and group belonging. From a methodological standpoint, the article adopts a theoretical approach grounded in tools specific to neurocommunication, such as the experimental analysis of responses to narrative stimuli, discourse analysis from a cognitive perspective, semantic network analysis, and qualitative methods, including interviews and focus groups. These tools allow us to study how communities perceive and internalize historical narratives. From the perspective of neurocommunication, different Spanish historical narratives can be associated with distinct emotional structures. The Reconquista functions as a narrative of resistance, the Spanish Empire as a narrative of expansion, the Civil War as a traumatic memory, and the Democratic Transition as a narrative of institutional reconciliation. Each of these narratives mobilizes specific emotions—pride, curiosity, pain, or hope—that influence the social interpretation of the past. The paper concludes that neurocommunication does not replace traditional historiography but rather complements it by incorporating the cognitive and emotional dimensions of historical experience. This approach is useful for understanding the plurality of memories present in Spain and has implications for historiographical research and the teaching of history.