Abstract
This study compares the disciplinary decisions of the Turkish Football Federation Professional Football Disciplinary Committee across the 2021–2022, 2022–2023, and 2023–2024 seasons. A total of 7603 decisions, announced on the Turkish Football Federation’s official website and deemed relevant by the researcher, were analyzed: 2159 from 2021 to 2022, 2818 from 2022 to 2023, and 2626 from 2023 to 2024. A longitudinal research design was employed, and analyses were conducted in SPSS 22.0 using the mean and standard deviation. Findings showed that disciplinary decisions most frequently stemmed from incidents in the Super League (23.21%), 1st League (15.98%), and 2nd League Red Group (13.94%). The primary subjects were spectators (34.84%), club legal entities (16.98%), and players (12.61%). The leading causes of sanctions were violations of regulations (23.18%), unsportsmanlike conduct (21.90%), offensive and abusive chanting (20.28%), and field incidents (14.60%). The most common sanctions were monetary fines (35.97%), warnings (17.12%), and bans from dressing rooms and substitutes’ benches combined with fines (13.68%). In terms of monetary penalties, spectators (₺110,096,000), club legal entities (₺53,648,800), club presidents (₺18,697,650), and administrators (₺10,791,850) accounted for the largest shares. Across seasons, disciplinary actions increased in 2022–2023 compared to 2021–2022 (except for a decline in regulation violations) but declined significantly in 2023–2024 (except for an increase in regulation violations).
Cite this article as: Şimşek, B. (2026). Longitudinal analysis of the decisions of the professional football disciplinary committee in the 2021–2022 / 2022–2023 and 2023–2024 seasons of the Turkish Football Federation. Research in Sports Science, 16, 0051, doi:10.5152/rss.2026.25051