Abstract
Abstract. High spatiotemporal resolution wind observations are essential for resolving the rapidly evolving inner-core circulation, spiral rainbands, upper-level outflow, and asymmetric structural changes of tropical cyclones (TCs), yet these features remain inadequately sampled by conventional observing systems and operational atmospheric motion vector (AMV) products. This study presents a consistently processed and systematically evaluated minute-scale temporal and mesoscale spatial atmospheric motion vector (MAMV) dataset derived from the Geostationary High-speed Imager (GHI) onboard Fengyun-4B (FY-4B) for 15 TCs over the western North Pacific and the South China Sea (SCS) during 2022–2025. The dataset includes daytime visible-band (VIS) MAMVs with a nominal vector spacing of 3 km and day-and-night infrared-band (IRX) MAMVs with a nominal spacing of 24 km. Four stable products are generated at the 1, 2, 6, and 7 min marks of each recurring 10 min observation cycle. The dataset represents the highest combined spatial and temporal resolution currently available for a multi-case geostationary satellite TC wind-field dataset, providing detailed observations of inner-core flow, spiral-rainband circulation, convective-cloud boundaries, peripheral winds, and upper-tropospheric outflow that are difficult to obtain from radiosondes, conventional AMVs, or hourly reanalysis fields. Quality-screened vectors were evaluated against radiosonde observations and ERA5 reanalysis winds. The mean speed bias, mean vector difference, and standard deviation of vector differences were 2.34, 4.05, and 1.77 m s⁻¹ for VIS, 2.21, 4.74, and 2.17 m s⁻¹ for IRX when using radiosondes as reference, they are 1.62, 5.57, and 4.63 m s⁻¹ for VIS, 0.31, 5.95, and 3.66 m s⁻¹ for IRX when using ERA5 as reference. The dataset provides a new observational basis for continuously monitoring the multiscale evolution of tropical cyclones, including changes in inner-core circulation, spiral rainbands, asymmetric wind structures, peripheral flow, and upper-tropospheric outflow, thereby supporting improved analysis of TC development, structural change, and short-term intensity evolution. The FY-4B/GHI IRX MAMV dataset for 2022–2025 is available at doi:10.5281/zenodo.22790846; The FY-4B/GHI VIS datasets are available at doi:10.5281/zenodo.22791421 for 2022–2023, doi:10.5281/zenodo.22791444 for 2024, and doi:10.5281/zenodo.22791469 for 2025 (Xia et al., 2026a, b, c, d).