Abstract
The Environmental Phillips Curve (EPC) is understood as an effort to highlight the relationship between environmental quality and unemployment. research testing the relationship variations in the spatial influence of unemployment, regional income, human development, electricity consumption, population growth and pandemic-year dummy on environmental degradation in Indonesia within the EPC concept framework. This study uses the Geographically Weighted Panel Regression method. The GWPR method is used to show variations in the influence between independent and dependent variables across the characteristics of each province in Indonesia. GWPR test results, the variables of unemployment, human development, and electricity consumption can reduce environmental degradation in Indonesia, with varying levels of significance across provinces. Regional income and population growth increases environmental degradation in Indonesia. This indicates that the EPC concept has been proven in Indonesia but varies by province, depending on each province's economic structure. The findings of this study are that the EPC is proven in regions whose economies rely on the extractive sector, mining, manufacturing industry, transportation, and tourism. These findings imply that employment and environmental policies should be tailored to regional economic structures, promoting green employment in extractive regions and accelerating low-carbon industrial transformation in manufacturing- and service-based provinces.