Foyer-Associated Enteric Bacteria: Screening for Pathogenic Potential

Enteric bacterial pathogens are a significant threat to public health, particularly in developing countries with inadequate sanitation and hygiene practices. This study aimed to characterize enteric bacterial isolates from environmental samples and determine their pathogenic potential. Bacterial isolates were obtained from environmental samples and characterized using cultural, morphological, and biochemical tests. Molecular identification was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In vitro pathogenic potential was assessed using hemolysis and Congo red binding assays. Four bacterial species were identified:Escherichia coli strains NE1127 and JKHS016 (ECNE11 and ECJ6), Klebsiella pneumoniae strains 2014C06-125 and Kp2092 (KP2 and KPK2). The isolates exhibited varying levels of hemolytic activity, with ECNE11 and KP2 showing high levels of β-hemolysis (83.33% and 85.71%, respectively). All isolates bound Congo red, indicating biofilm formation potential. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in pathogenic potential among the isolates (p = 0.015). The study highlights the presence of potentially pathogenic enteric bacteria in the environment, posing a risk to public health. There is a need for regular monitoring of environmental samples and implementation of effective control measures. This study provides valuable data on the pathogenic potential of enteric bacteria in environmental samples, emphasizing the need for judicious use of antibiotics and proper waste management practices.