Components of Dental Resin Composites: A Literature Review

During the mid-1900s, dental resin composites (DRCs) were created in order to overcome the limitations of amalgam restorative material. This study aimed to review the primary constituents of DRCs using published scientific studies. The focus was on prominent dental journals, utilizing computer-based online searches to uncover their composition. The search was conducted for period from January 2000 to August 2023, using four search engines: PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The study also manually searched citations from relevant articles and examined the references of selected articles. The DRCs consist of organic phase such as Bis-GMA, UDMA, and TEGDMA; inorganic particles such as zirconium, silica, quartz, and barium are frequently utilized. Coupling agent such as 3-MPS are used in order to strengthen the adhesion between the filler and the resin matrix; photo-initiator and an accelerator of curing, with camphor quinone being the commonly employed photo-initiator. The accelerators in the DRCs are either diethyl-amino-ethyl-methacrylate (amine) or diketone; Inhibitor such as BHT is utilized to hinder untimely polymerization when the DRCs is subjected to ambient light in the dental practice, and pigments are introduced into DRCs to produce restorative materials with clinically acceptable colors. The mechanical and physical properties of DRCs are significantly impacted by their composition. This variability directly affects the quality and clinical success of the treatment, making it crucial for manufacturers to provide clear and accessible information for proper clinical application of the material.