Abstract
The aviation industry requires competent pilots who are able to complete professional training programs within the expected timeframe. However, delayed graduation among cadets in the Commercial Pilot License (CPL) Program at the Indonesian Aviation Academy (API) Banyuwangi remains a challenge that may affect the efficiency of pilot training management. This study aims to examine the influence of individual, instructional, facility-related, and academic factors on graduation delay among CPL cadets and to identify the most dominant factor contributing to delayed graduation. A quantitative approach with a causal research design was employed involving 80 cadets and alumni who experienced graduation delays. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that the research instrument meets validity and reliability criteria, and all classical assumption tests for regression analysis are satisfied. Cadet motivation, flight instructor quality, and simulation facilities and equipment have significant negative effects on graduation delay, whereas academic procrastination and academic workload have significant positive effects. Among these factors, academic procrastination is identified as the most dominant predictor of graduation delay. The regression model explains 63.8% of the variance in graduation delay. These findings highlight the importance of integrated strategies, including strengthening cadet motivation, minimizing academic procrastination, optimizing academic workload management, and improving instructor quality and training facilities to reduce graduation delays and enhance the effectiveness of aviation education at API Banyuwangi.