IOT-Based Smart Fire and Gas Safety System for Enhanced Household Security in Rural Environments

Fire accidents and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) leakages represent significant threats to life and property, particularly in rural households where traditional cooking methods and inadequate ventilation are prevalent. This paper proposes a low-cost, intelligent safety mechanism utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) technology to provide real-time monitoring and alerting. The system integrates an ESP32 microcontroller with a multi-sensor array, including MQ2 (smoke/CO), MQ5 (LPG/natural gas), and DHT11 (temperature/humidity) sensors. Experimental results indicate that the system achieves a response time of 2–3 seconds with minimal power consumption (0.5–1.0 W). By providing both local audible alarms and remote mobile notifications via the Blynk IoT platform, the proposed solution offers a robust safety net for poorly ventilated environments, contributing to disaster risk reduction and technological inclusion in underserved communities.