Abstract
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication during postoperative recovery, with a high incidence rate. Due to the certain side effects of anti-emetic drugs, they are difficult to be widely promoted in primary medical institutions. Even for some high-risk patients, combined medication still fails to effectively control the symptoms. Miao medicine, rooted in Guizhou, takes “detoxification and regulating Qi” as its core therapeutic principle. Its understanding of vomiting caused by the disorder of the Qi movement of the spleen and stomach is consistent with the pathogenesis of “stomach Qi rising” in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The classic Miao medicinal materials such as Evodia rutaecarpa and Gaultheria leucocarpa in the prescription are warm and pungent, with the dual effects of warming the middle and reducing vomiting and promoting transdermal absorption. Acupoint application, through the continuous stimulation of acupoints such as Shenzhu and Zusanli, can promote the secretion of endogenous opioid substances and intervene in the 5-HT pathway, with an antiemetic effect similar to acupuncture but without invasive operation. This article reviews six aspects: the pathogenesis and risk assessment of PONV, the limitations of drug treatment, the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine external treatment, the medicinal value of Miao medicine, the basis for acupoint selection, and the progress of transdermal preparations, aiming to accumulate theoretical basis for the research and development of Miao medicine acupoint antiemetic patches and explore feasible paths for the modern transformation of ethnic medicine. (恶心呕吐是患者术后恢复阶段常见并发症, 发生率高, 现有止吐药物存在明显“天花板效应”及不良反应, 探索非药物辅助防治策略具有重要临床意义。苗医药以“祛毒调气”为核心治则, 其对脾胃气机失调所致呕逆的认识与中医“胃气上逆”病机相互印证。药方中吴茱萸、透骨香等苗药经典药材性温辛散, 兼具温中降逆与促进经皮渗透的双重作用; 穴位贴敷借助神阙、足三里等穴位的持续刺激, 可调动内源性阿片类物质分泌并干预5-HT通路, 产生确切止吐效应。本研究围绕PONV发病机制、药物治疗局限、中医外治理论、苗药药用价值、穴位选用依据及透皮制剂进展六个方面展开综述, 旨在为苗药穴位止吐贴的研发积累理论依据, 并探讨民族医药现代转化的可行路径。)