Abstract
The field experiment was conducted during 2023-24 at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, to assess the impact of Rabi nano urea on growth, physiology, grain quality, and soil properties in wheat.The study used a split-plot design with three varieties (WH 1270, DBW 222, DBW 303) and four nutrient levels: 100% RDN, 100% RDN + one foliar spray of nano urea @ 4 mL L ¹ (45 DAS), 75% RDN + two ⁻ sprays (45 and 65 DAS), and 50% RDN + three sprays (30, 60, and 90 DAS).Wheat phenology and physiology responded significantly to.WH 1270 with longest crop duration, while 75% RDN + two sprays extended grain filling.Maximum chlorophyll (53.88 SPAD) and relative water content (91.35%) were observed under 100% RDN + one spray and 50% RDN + three sprays, respectively.DBW 303 produced the best grain quality with highest protein (13.12%), sedimentation value (43.58 mL), and hectolitre weight (82.74 kg hL ¹).Post-harvest soil analysis showed ⁻ maximum available nitrogen (148.64 kg ha ¹) and phosphorus (17.71 kg ha ¹) under 100% RDN + one spray.Soil pH, EC, and organic carbon ⁻ ⁻ remained stable.The study suggests nano urea enhances nitrogen efficiency and supports sustainable wheat production under semi-arid conditions.