Patterns of Hepatitis B and C viruses Infections by Gender, Age, and Monthly Distribution in Baghdad–Al-Karkh, 2024

Background: Viral hepatitis remains a major public health concern in Iraq, with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) constituting the predominant types. Gender-based differences in infection patterns are well recognized, with HBV more commonly reported among males and HCV among females. Understanding these variations is essential for creating effective prevention and control strategies. Aim of the Study: To examine the epidemiological determinants of viral hepatitis infection by assessing the association between sex, age distribution, and monthly/seasonal variations in relation to HBV and HCV prevalence. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using confirmed HBV and HCV cases registered in the viral hepatitis control unit of Bagdad Al-Karkh Health Directorate. Data were analysed using SPSS v.26. Chi-square tests were used to assess associations between infection type and gender, age group, and month of detection at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: A total of 996 confirmed cases were included. Males represented 61% of all cases. The highest proportion of infections occurred in the 20-39 year age group (42%), followed by 40–60 years (27%), while only 1% were below one year of age. March had the highest detection rate (27%). Statistically significant associations were observed between infection type and sex (p = 0.024), age group (p < 0.001), and month of detection (p = 0.014). Conclusion: The study demonstrates clear epidemiological differences in HBV and HCV distribution by gender and age in Bagdad Al-Karkh Health. HBV was more prevalent among males, whereas HCV showed a higher prevalence among females. Monthly variations in detection highlight the influence of healthcare access and seasonal screening practices.