Abstract
Background and objectives: Oligohydramnios is a common obstetric disorder and has been associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to find the prevalence rate and identify associated factors and adverse perinatal outcomes among women experiencing oligohydramnios.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was conducted to estimate the prevalence rate, and a case-control design was conducted to determine the perinatal outcomes in the labor room and operating theater of Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil city-Kurdistan region/Iraq, from 1st of January to 31st of December, 2023. The sample size included 120 women with oligohydramnios and 240 controls. Both groups were compared in relation to associated factors and perinatal outcomes.
Results: The prevalence rate of oligohydramnios in 2023 at the maternity teaching hospital in Erbil was 6/1000 total births. Significant maternal risk factors of oligohydramnios were grand multiparity (p=0.001), low body mass index, preterm gestational age, smoking, lack of antenatal care, positive drug history, and preeclampsia (p =0.001). Inductions of labour and emergent caesarean sections were the most common modes of delivery (p 0.001). There was a significant difference between both groups in relation to perinatal outcomes. The rate of neonatal death among cases (6.7%) was significantly higher than that among the controls (0.4%) (p=0.001).
Conclusions: Common perinatal outcomes of oligohydramnios were early neonatal death, low Apgar score after 1 minute, and low birth weight.