Abstract
This study investigated the effectiveness of different ventilation strategies use for neonate with
respiratory distress syndrome in FMC Asaba. Two objectives guided the study. Respiratory
Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates,
particularly in preterm infants. Effective management of RDS is crucial in improving outcomes
for this vulnerable population. This study explores the effectiveness of different ventilation
strategies employed in the management of neonates diagnosed with RDS at Federal Medical
Centre, Asaba. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was utilized, involving a cohort of 200
neonates diagnosed with RDS over a year. The participants were categorized based on the
ventilation strategies used: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), High-Frequency
Oscillatory Ventilation (HFOV), and conventional mechanical ventilation. Data collection
focused on demographic variables, clinical parameters, and outcomes associated with each
ventilation strategy. Primary endpoints included the duration of mechanical ventilation, survival
rates, and incidence of complications such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and
pneumothorax. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of each
strategy, employing chi-square tests and survival analysis. Findings revealed that CPAP was
associated with the shortest duration of mechanical ventilation and the highest survival rates,
particularly in infants with mild to moderate RDS. Conversely, HFOV showed promise in
managing severe cases, effectively reducing the incidence of barotrauma and improving
oxygenation. However, the application of conventional mechanical ventilation resulted in a
higher incidence of BPD, emphasizing the need for careful consideration of ventilation methods.