Abstract
Background:
Malaria in pregnancy is a significant public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa, contributing to
maternal and fetal complications. Electrolyte imbalances are often overlooked in clinical
management, yet they can exacerbate the severity of disease outcomes.
Objectives:
To evaluate serum electrolyte levels (Na⁺, K⁺, HCO₃⁻, Cl⁻, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺) in pregnant women with
malaria in Aba North LGA, Abia State, Nigeria.
Methods:
A comparative cross-sectional study involving 100 pregnant women (50 malaria-positive, 50
malaria-negative) was conducted. Structured questionnaires were administered, and 5 ml of
venous blood was collected for laboratory analysis. Electrolytes were measured using an ionselective analyzer.
Results:
Malaria-positive participants had significantly lower mean serum levels of sodium (132.6 ± 4.8
mmol/L), potassium (3.2 ± 0.6 mmol/L), bicarbonate (19.1 ± 2.2 mmol/L), and calcium (1.8 ± 0.4
mmol/L) compared to controls. The prevalence of hyponatremia and hypokalemia was 62% and
44% respectively in the malaria group.
Conclusion:
Electrolyte imbalances are prevalent among pregnant women with malaria and may contribute to
adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Routine electrolyte monitoring in antenatal malaria cases
is recommended for improved management.