Abstract
This paper posits that through a Hobbesian lens; an effective correctional system must deliver
certainty and severity of punishment while enabling rehabilitation to maintain societal order. Its
investigation clearly submits that Nigeria’s correctional system fails on both fronts:
inconsistency in judicial outcomes, overcrowding and systemic neglect undermine the credibility
of deterrence; meanwhile, rehabilitation remains largely symbolic, inadequate, and insufficient
to prevent recidivism. The paper recommends among other things the expansion on the use of
non-custodial sanctions, such as probation, parole, and community service, to reduce pre-trial
detention and overcrowding and improve mental health services within custodial centres by
integrating professional counseling, regular screening, and psycho-social support, particularly
in high-burden facilities in Nigeria.