Hemoglobin, complementary feeding, and nutritional status in children under two years of age in the Mezquital Valley, Mexico

Introduction: Complementary feeding (CF) refers to the introduction of foods and beverages that complement breast milk or formula in children aged 6 to 23 months. Appropriate initiation and dietary diversity in CF are crucial for optimal growth and neurodevelopment. Common errors in CF practices may lead to nutritional deficiencies, anemia, and weight-related problems. Objective: To assess the prevalence of anemia, complementary feeding practices, and nutritional status in children aged 6 to 24 months in Atitalaquia, Mezquital Valley, Hidalgo, Mexico. Methods: A cross-sectional observational epidemiological study was conducted using a non-probabilistic convenience sample of 78 children enrolled in two childcare centers. Data were collected over four months (March–July 2024), including anthropometric measurements, hemoglobin levels, and the application of the ENSANUT instrument to evaluate CF practices. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results: The average age of CF initiation was 8.8 months, delayed compared to the WHO recommendation of 6 months. A low intake of vegetables and a high consumption of meats and processed foods rich in sugars, fats, and sodium were identified. A moderate prevalence of anemia and overweight/obesity was observed in the sample. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for early interventions to improve CF practices, promote dietary diversity, and prevent anemia and nutritional disorders in the studied pediatric population.