Consumo de alcohol y control glucémico en adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2: revisión sistemática

Introduction: Alcohol consumption and diabetes are global health problems that can interact negatively with glycemic control. Although this relationship has been explored, the results are heterogeneous and contradictory. Objective: To evaluate the effect of alcohol consumption on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus through a systematic review of studies published between 2010 and 2025. Materials and methods: Systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, using the PICO strategy, including observational and experimental studies in Spanish and English. Six databases were consulted. Methodological quality was assessed using CASP and the certainty of the evidence using GRADE. Results were processed using Rayyan® and Excel®. The study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251078052). Results: Nine studies were analyzed, showing that excessive or habitual alcohol consumption is significantly associated with poorer glycemic control. In contrast, intervention studies reported neutral or slightly beneficial effects of moderate red wine consumption, especially in specific population subgroups. However, these benefits are limited and not generalizable. Conclusion: Chronic or heavy alcohol consumption is a risk factor for impaired glycemic control in people with diabetes. There is a need for nursing interventions that promote education and self-care in the population.