Abstract
This study aims to analyze the dynamics and problems of post-divorce parenting patterns and their implications for the internalization of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) values among adolescents. This research employed a qualitative multiple-case study involving four post-divorce families, consisting of four parents and four adolescents in Sumberpucung Hamlet, RT 16 RW 03, Tirtomoyo Village, Ampelgading District, Malang Regency. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The internalization of PAI values was examined through three dimensions: cognitive, referring to adolescents’ knowledge and understanding of Islamic teachings; affective, referring to appreciation, commitment, and attitudes toward Islamic values; and psychomotor/behavioral, referring to religious practices and observable religious behavior. The findings show that post-divorce parenting patterns tend to be unstable, shifting toward permissive or authoritarian patterns due to psychological and economic pressures. Such inconsistency is associated with emotional instability, identity confusion, and behavioral problems among some adolescents. In the cognitive dimension, adolescents generally retain religious knowledge through formal education, whereas the affective and psychomotor dimensions tend to be weaker due to limited emotional communication, parental role modeling, and supervision. The main inhibiting factors are family conflict, economic pressure, limited parental attention, and weak communication. Supporting factors include consistent religious role modeling by one parent, extended-family involvement, and support from schools and religious communities. The findings indicate that divorce does not uniformly determine the failure of PAI internalization. Consistent, communicative, and religious-value-based parenting, supported by family, school, and community resources, can help adolescents adapt to post-divorce family conditions and maintain their religious development.