Konstruksi Masyarakat Madani dalam Surah Al-Baqarah: Studi Komparatif Tafsir al-Basith dan Fi Zhilal al-Qur’an

This study analyses the construction of civil society in Surah Al-Baqarah by comparing al-W??id?’s Tafs?r al-Bas?? and Sayyid Qutb’s F? ?il?l al-Qur’?n. It also identifies their convergences and divergences, the factors shaping their interpretations, and the relevance of the resulting framework to contemporary Muslim society. The study employs qualitative library research, comparative Qur’anic interpretation (muq?ran), and thematic grouping. The primary data comprise the two exegetes’ interpretations of verses in Surah Al-Baqarah related to social formation; the analysis proceeds through thematic classification, description, comparison, synthesis, and contextualisation. The findings identify seven clusters of principles: faith as the foundation, the mandate of stewardship, the civilisational critique of the Children of Israel, monotheism-based leadership, communal identity, social and legal regulation, and socio-economic solidarity and justice. Al-W??id? foregrounds normative and linguistic precision, whereas Sayyid Qutb emphasises social formation and civilisational transformation. The study’s originality lies in synthesising these two interpretive orientations into a model of civil society that combines normative certainty with transformative capacity. This framework is relevant to strengthening Muslim identity, social cohesion, accountable governance, justice, and collective welfare in contemporary contexts.