Automated Fall Detection for Disabled Individuals Using Mobile Phone Sensors and Machine Learning: A Survey

Fall risks to health and safety are especially dangerous for those with impairments. An automated fall detection system is necessary, especially in medical and senior care. The elderly and individuals with impairments are particularly susceptible to falls, which frequently result in severe injuries and complications, thereby presenting a considerable threat to their overall health. The early discovery and response to a fall incidence can reduce immobilization and consequent health complications, saving lives. Automatic fall detection systems quickly and reliably indicate falls and dispatch medical or emergency assistance. Researchers have introduced various automatic fall detection methods using machines or deep learning. Most fall detection systems depend on wearable or stationary sensors, which restricts the user's mobility and accessibility. Conversely, mobile sensor-based fall detection leverages the widespread presence of smartphones by obtaining motion information via their integrated accelerometers and gyroscopes. Our primary objective is to develop a reliable fall detection method using a mobile phone sensor and machine learning. This paper examines several methods employed in the identification of falls and emphasizes the significance of utilizing mobile phone sensors in the process of fall detection. It also discusses recent research in this domain and highlights research challenges. This could potentially foster further innovation in the field.