Abstract
The climate change, ageing infrastructure, fast urbanisation, resource depletion, and the need for decarbonisation are all increasingly threatening urban development. Solutions to these interrelated problems are inadequate if when solving a problem, only one aspect is addressed. This review, which focuses on the convergence between sustainable infrastructure, smart construction technologies, and disaster-resilient urban planning, is an integrated framework to support the future development of cities. New technologies and solutions for climate adaptive infrastructure, low carbon construction materials, green infrastructure, circular economy, and nature-based solutions are reviewed and assessed in combination with recently developed digital technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), digital twins, and structural health monitoring systems. The innovations are driving change in infrastructure planning, construction, operation and maintenance, by increasing resource efficiency, predictive asset management, minimizing environmental impacts, and building resilience to multiple hazards. A multi-hazard risk assessment framework, governance, and interdisciplinary planning approaches are also discussed in the review that facilitate coordinated decision-making among infrastructure sectors. Special emphasis is placed on the challenges in implementation, such as high investment costs, fragmented governance, technological interoperability, cybersecurity problems, lack of skills among the workforce, and social equity issues arising from the development of smart cities. It is highlighted that successful resilient and sustainable urban transformation relies more on institutional coordination, stakeholder collaboration, and inclusive policy frameworks, as well as technological innovation. In the future, standardized assessment of resilience and integrated governance models to meet increasingly complex urban challenges.