Abstract
Patient safety culture is one of the essential components in improving the quality of healthcare services in hospitals. A strong patient safety culture fosters an environment that supports open communication, teamwork, non-punitive incident reporting, and management commitment to preventing patient safety incidents. This study aimed to determine the relationship between patient safety culture and patient safety incidents at Petala Bumi Regional General Hospital, Riau Province.This study employed a quantitative method with an observational analytic approach and a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted from March to June 2026 involving 129 nursing personnel selected using probability sampling. Data were collected through a patient safety culture questionnaire and patient safety incident documentation, then analyzed using univariate analysis and Pearson correlation test.The results showed a significant negative relationship between patient safety culture and the incidence of patient safety incidents (r = -0.484; p < 0.001). All dimensions of patient safety culture, including management commitment, teamwork, open communication, non-punitive reporting, and staff training, were also significantly associated with the incidence of patient safety incidents. In conclusion, the overall implementation of patient safety culture has not yet been optimal and still requires improvement in several aspects. It is recommended that the hospital strengthen the culture of reporting incidents that have the potential to harm patients and use every reported incident as a learning opportunity to improve the quality of healthcare services. One suggested strategy is to display banners containing the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for Adverse Events (AE) and Near Miss Incidents (NMI) in strategic areas, so that healthcare personnel are encouraged to enhance patient safety culture through incident reporting in accordance with the established SOP.